Dangerous Substandard Medicines
Legal but poorly made, or substandard, drugs can be lethal. The problem is most prevalent in emerging markets, where gross flaws in production, especially by domestic producers selling only in local markets, are easily detected by simple quality-control tests. These problems will worsen as more emerging countries, often supported by aid agencies, develop their own manufacturing capabilities. Flaws are rarer and more difficult to detect in developed countries, but they still pose a significant danger to public health. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently released its "Pathway to Global Product Safety and Quality," a report that candidly explains that the FDA cannot adequately oversee the safety of chemicals manufactured overseas and imported into the United States. Some generic drugs are not equivalent to innovator products, and while they are effective for most patients, they can be fatal for others. Such production flaws will be exacerbated by lower-quality chemical inputs from China, the world's largest chemical supplier. While China's products are always cheap, they are not always high quality; even perfectly formulated products may be lethal if the ingredients are suspect. Drug shortages and adverse health outcomes will increase as a result, even in the United States. :
Many emerging-market chemical and drug producers do not follow good manufacturing practices. A few of their low-quality products can enter the mainstream supply chain and find their way into US markets. These problems will get worse as the world relies more on imports from China. Chinese and Indian raw materials are found in nearly 80 percent of US pharmaceuticals. Experts indicate that as much as one-quarter of ingredients purchased in China by Western companies come from unknown sources. The risks of importing low-quality products have already led to deaths of US patients and shortages of life-saving drugs in US hospitals and clinics.
Dangerous medicines are a global problem. Media attention often focuses on the threat of counterfeit products--those intentionally made to deceive the patient--but substandard drugs that are legally but poorly produced tend to get a free pass, even when they kill.
Demand for pharmaceuticals in middle-income and developing countries is increasing rapidly. Some major Western companies, like Bayer and Novartis, now generate 25 percent of their revenue from emerging markets, up from single-digit percentages only a decade ago.[1] Internationally traded generic drugs, most commonly from India, not only have entered these markets, but also tend to dominate them. Recently, many countries--sometimes supported by Western aid agencies--have begun to develop their own pharmaceutical-production capabilities.
India Raw Materials - News
The WTO dispute opens a larger debate on the changing dynamics of global trade in which developing countries, like China or India, are slowly looking at moving away from the model of exporting raw materials to the developed world to produce value-added
[3] Products from large Indian, European, and US producers were consistently high quality.[4] Today, Chinese and Indian raw materials are found in nearly 80 percent of US pharmaceuticals. India provides insight into the factors that contribute to good
"One has to calculate the amount of raw materials and water requirement for each phase," the official pointed out. Delay in MoU renewal due to different reasons has created suspicion among people who would be affected by the mega steel project,
This margin contraction, mainly due to the high raw material costs, is despite the expected rise in sales and higher realisations during the quarter. “The impact of higher raw materials will be felt in the first two quarters,” he said.
However, rising cost of raw materials (copra, safflower) is expected to eat into hair and edible oil maker Marico 's profits by 6-12% in the first quarter. Price of copra (used in coconut oil) is up 80% year-on-year, while safflower (used in edible
How long will India play to maintain status quo? | Foreign Policy ...
It was like just another formality in the Sino-Indian relationship being fulfilled, as the Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao concluded his “significant” “trust-building” India visit on Friday. The Chinese Premier brought along a huge entourage of 400 business leaders to India, signaling the only purpose of his visit – more business. India and China signed six business deals, announced plans to increase business to $100 billion by 2015 and established a Strategic Economic Dialogue. PM Wen Jiabao also announced that Indian and Chinese companies would be signing deals worth $16 billion. But at the end of three day tour, the fact remains that there is a huge trade deficit and imbalance between India and China, and no concrete announcements to reduce or eliminate it were made.
The trade between the two countries has almost tripled since 2005 and today stands at $60 billion. But India’s trade deficit with China is about $19 billion this year alone. This is explained by the two fold increase in Indian exports to China between 2005 and 2010($11.6 billion) and three-fold increase in Chinese exports to India ($30.8 billion). India has been largely exporting raw materials to China, and importing finished goods made mostly from the same raw materials. This pattern of trade, even if it results in large numbers for cumulative trade, is not good for Indian interests and business. Not to mention the large dumping of Chinese goods into India that damages local manufacturing, and against which India has launched various complaints with the WTO. Further, Chinese FDIs in India are only $52 million, whereas since 2005 Indian FDIs into China have been $879 million.
In the backdrop of this trade imbalance it would have been expected that the Indian side would demand and negotiate constructive mechanisms to reduce the trade deficit and balance out the balance sheet. However, the joint statement by the two leaders only made ambiguous references to working towards improving trade. Neither were there any signs of China conceding ground or supporting Indian in case of some of the other contentious issues such as the stapled visa for Kashmiri residents, terrorism emanating from Pakistan, China-Pak nuclear deal and dam on the Brahmaputra. Even during the Foreign Secretary’s Press Briefing her answers to these questions were full of diplomatic jargon and ambiguity, leaving one to conclude that India could not squeeze out even one favorable comment on contentious issues from China.
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